The most complete fabric manufacturing process

Classification of fabric

According to the manufacturing method is mainly divided into woven cloth and knitted cloth, non-woven fabric new technology.

General process of main manufacturing methods

1. Chemical fiber
2. The yarn
3. The weaving
4. The dyeing and finishing
5. Packing

• woven

Several common woven fabrics

Elastic plain cloth: fabric patterns on the surface and underside, with drawwire added during weaving. As a result of the cloth has a pull wire to make the finished product elastic, more show lines, thinner, smooth surface. Strong and durable, relatively hairy. Because it contains much cotton, it is easy to wrinkle after washing and needs ironing. Apply more to shirts.

Yarn-dyed plaid: a variety of color yarn composition, yarn-dyed cloth is not decolorized, color changes. Long twill with more warp than weft, usually 3/1, resulting in a bevel. Special fabric organization, so that the three-dimensional sense of twill is strong, the plain grain is fine and thick, and the luster is soft. Apply to trousers and shirts.

Beaded canvas: the surface and the bottom of the cloth grain, the finished product is relatively upright cotton thin beaded sail is easy to wrinkle.

Denim: The fabric is the same as twill, but only warp dyed, so that the light color of the cloth can be 10OZ, 13OZ, 14OZ, 15OZ, etc. The variety of the cloth can be applied to different styles of washable, wear-resistant, durable. Relatively hard body.

Nylon cloth: The surface and the bottom of the cloth pattern, man-made fiber, durable, easy to wash and dry, cloth surface is hairy, warm. Exposure to sunlight can cause embrittlement. Used for windbreaker or coat fabric corduroy: woven by special loom,it has 3.5 pits, 8 pits, 13 pits, 21 pits and other specifications after hair grabbing treatment. Cloth surface is hairy, warm. More used in shirts, suits, pants material.

• knitted fabric

loop of yarn forms a needle loop, and a new loop passes through the previous loop, and so on, forming a knitted fabric. The process of yarn forming a coil can be advanced either laterally or longitudinally. The transverse knitting is called weft knitting, while the longitudinal knitting is called warp knitting.

Introduction to several commonly used knitted fabrics

Plain cloth: THE surface is low needle, the bottom is high needle, the weaving method is strong, thinner than double-sided cloth, thinner, breathable, sweat absorption, small elasticity, smooth surface. Easy to wrinkle and deformation, mostly used in T-shirts.

Ribbed Cloth: cloth grain to form concave and convex effect, more elastic than ordinary knitted cloth, suitable for slim style.

Double-sided cloth: the cloth pattern on the surface and the bottom of the cloth is the same, the fabric on the bottom of the cloth is the same, it is smooth than ordinary knitted cloth, rich elasticity and sweat absorption, easy to hair after washing, it is more used for T-shirts.

Beaded cloth: The surface of the cloth is porous, like honeycomb. It is more breathable, dry and washable than ordinary knitted cloth.

Terry cloth: The bottom surface is like towel loop, 80% cotton +20% polyester fiber, warm, soft, look and feel hot, often used in coats or T-shirts.

Hoodie cloth: the bottom surface is like towel loop, cotton yarn weave, the cloth surface is like terry cloth, warm, washable, soft, sweat absorbing, thick. More used for transportation clothing, autumn and winter style.

Wafer cloth: cloth surface is wafer shape three-dimensional sense of strong, easy to deformation after washing.

Polyester polyester mercerized double-sided cloth: without cotton composition, close-fitting, showing lines, airtight, easy to hook lines.

Cloth Flannel cloth: after grabbing hair, cut off the surface of the wool effect, 80% cotton +20% polyester fiber, warm, elastic, machine washable, smooth, soft, static electricity, mostly used for outerwear.

• printing and dyeing

Modern dyeing is mainly according to the fabric varieties, specifications, finished product requirements, etc., can be divided into bleaching, dyeing, printing, finishing and so on.

• scouring and bleaching

All natural fibers contain impurities. In the process of textile processing, various sizes, Oils and contaminated dirt are added. The presence of these impurities not only hinders the smooth dyeing and finishing process, but also affects the wearing performance of the fabric. The purpose of scouring and bleaching is to remove the impurities on the fabric by chemical and physical mechanical action, make the fabric white, soft, and have good permeability to meet the wearing requirements, and provide qualified semi-finished products for dyeing, printing and finishing.

The main process of scouring and bleaching of pure cotton fabric

1.The original cloth preparation

Raw cloth preparation includes raw cloth inspection, turning, batch, bin, printing, and stitching. The purpose of the original cloth inspection is to check the quality of grey cloth and solve the problems in time. The inspection content includes two items: physical index and appearance defect. The former includes the length, amplitude, weight, warp and weft yarn density and density, strength, etc. The latter such as spinning defects, weaving defects, various stains and breakage. Usually about 10% of the total amount of spot checks. After the inspection of the original cloth, the original cloth must be divided into batches and cartons and printed on the cloth head, indicating the variety, processing technology, batch number, carton number, release date and the code of the person who turned the cloth, so as to facilitate the management. The original cloth must be sewn to ensure continuous batch processing.

2.singeing

The purpose of wool firing is to burn the lint on the cloth surface, make the cloth surface smooth and beautiful, and to prevent the presence of lint in dyeing and printing resulting in uneven dyeing and printing defects. Fabric singeing is fabric open-width quickly through high temperature flame or grazed red-hot metal surface, the cloth of wool heat up quickly, and burning, and cloth body is close to heat up slowly, when did not rise to the point of ignition, namely has left the flame or red hot metal surface, so as to achieve to burn to nap, and not the purpose of the operation of fabric.

3.desize

In order to smooth weaving, textile mills often size warp yarn to improve strength and wear resistance. The size on the grey cloth affects the water absorption of the fabric, but also affects the quality of dyeing and finishing products, and will increase the consumption of dyeing drugs, so the size should be removed before cooking, this process is called dessizing. The pulp on cotton fabric can be removed from the fabric by alkali desizing, enzyme desizing, acid desizing and oxidizing agent desizing. Alkali desizing makes the paste expand, and the adhesion to the fiber decreases, and is removed from the fabric by washing. Enzymes, acids and oxidants degrade starch, which increases solubility in water and is removed by washing. Because acid, oxidant to cotton fiber damage, rarely used alone, often with enzyme desizing, alkali desizing combined use.

4.boiled-out

When cotton fiber grows, there are natural impurities, pectin, waxy material, nitrogenous material, and so on. After desizing cotton fabric, most of the size and some of the natural impurities have been removed, but a small amount of size and most of the natural impurities are still left on the fabric. The presence of these impurities, make cotton cloth cloth surface yellow, poor permeability. At the same time, the appearance quality of cotton cloth is greatly affected by the presence of cottonseed husk. Therefore, it is necessary to boil the fabric in concentrated lye at high temperature for a long time to remove residual impurities. Scouring is to use caustic soda and other scouring additives to chemically degrade pectin, waxy substance, nitrogenous substance, cottonseed shell, emulsification, swelling, etc., to remove impurities from the fabric after washing.

5.bleach

After the cotton fabric is boiled, because there are natural pigments on the fiber, its appearance is not white enough for dyeing or printing, which will affect the luster of the color. The purpose of bleaching is to remove the pigment and give the fabric a necessary and stable whiteness without significant damage to the fabric itself. The commonly used bleaching methods of cotton fabrics include sodium hyponitrous acid, hydrogen peroxide and sodium chlorite.

Sodium hypochlorite bleaching bleaching solution PH value is about 10, carried out at room temperature, simple equipment, convenient operation, low cost, but the fabric strength damage, low whiteness.

The bleach solution PH value of hydrogen peroxide bleaching is 10, bleaching at high temperature, bleaching fabric whiteness is high and stable, feel good, but also can remove pulp and natural impurities. The disadvantage is high equipment requirements, high cost. Under appropriate conditions, combined with caustic soda, desizing, scouring and bleaching can be completed at one time.

Sodium chlorite bleaching bleaching solution PH 4-4.5, carried out at high temperature, has the advantages of good whiteness, small damage to the fiber, but bleaching is easy to produce toxic gas, pollution of the environment, corrosion equipment equipment needs special metal materials, so it is limited in the application. Both sodium hypochlorite and sodium chlorite should be dechlorinated after bleaching to prevent the fabric from being damaged by residual chlorine in the presence.

6.mercerization

Mercerization refers to the process in which cotton fabrics are treated with a concentrated caustic soda solution to improve the fabric properties under the condition of tension in the longitude and weft directions at room temperature or low temperature. After the mercerization of cotton fabric, the natural longitudinal torsion of the fiber disappears due to the fiber expansion, and the cross section becomes an oval shape. The reverse of light is more regular, thus improving the luster. The increase of the intangibles fixed area of the fiber increases the dyeing rate of the dye. With the increase of orientation, the strength of the fabric is increased and the shape is fixed. After mercerization, it is necessary to remove alkali by means of flushing or steaming box, or washing ground until the fabric is neutral. Dyeing is the process of combining dye and fiber physically or chemically, or producing pigment on fiber by chemical method, so that the whole textile has certain color and luster.

• dye

Dyeing is the process of combining dye and fiber physically or chemically, or producing pigment on fiber by chemical method, so that the whole textile has certain color and luster. The dyeing is carried out under certain conditions such as temperature, time, PH value and required dyeing auxiliaries. Dyeing products should be uniform color, but also need to have good color fastness. The dyeing methods of fabrics are mainly divided into dip dyeing and pad dyeing. Dip-dyeing is a process in which a fabric is dipped in a dye solution and the dye is gradually applied to the fabric. It is suitable for small batch and many varieties of dyeing. Rope dyeing and curly dyeing belong to this category. Pad dyeing is a dyeing method in which the fabric is impregnated in the dyeing liquid, then the fabric is rolled through the roller, the dyeing liquid is evenly rolled into the fabric, and then steam or hot melt is processed. It is suitable for dyeing fabrics in large quantities.

• printing

There are many ways to apply dye or paint to print patterns on fabric, but the main ones are as follows.

1. Direct printing: The method of printing flower patterns of various colors directly on the fabric is called direct printing. In the process of printing, the color paste of various colors will not hinder or destroy the effect. About 80% to 90% of printed fabrics use this method. This method can print white and full flower patterns.

2 Discharge printing, dyed fabric with color can destroy the color of the chemical color printing, this kind of chemical is called discharge agent. Dye resistant to chemicals can also be added to the extraction paddle. In this way, two effects can be obtained, namely, white drawing and color drawing.

3 Anti-dye printing, first printed on the fabric can prevent dye on the anti-dye agent, and then rolled dye, printed on the pattern can prevent the ground color on the dye, this method is anti-dye printing, this method can get three effects, namely, anti-white, color and partial anti-dye.

• clear up

Post-textile finishing technology plays an important role in developing some fabrics with special functions and giving them special functions and effects. With the progress of the technology will continue to appear after finishing the new process, new technology.

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